0x80070643 is ERROR_INSTALL_FAILURE, the generic wrapper thrown when an installer package fails, most often .NET Framework updates and Microsoft Defender platform updates. It appears at the very end of an install, when the package’s own installer (MSI, error 1603 underneath) gives up, and Windows Update reports the wrapper code.
net stop wuauserv, net stop cryptSvc, net stop bits, net stop msiserver. Rename C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution to SoftwareDistribution.old and C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 to catroot2.old, then restart the four services with net start. This rebuilds the download cache and the update database from scratch.If a Defender platform update is the one failing, update Windows Security itself first (open it and check for updates inside the app), since the platform must sometimes be at a minimum level to accept the next package. If .NET remains broken after the repair tool, removing and re-adding the .NET feature (Turn Windows features on or off) and then updating is the deeper reset.
Why do I only get this on .NET and Defender updates? Most Windows updates are serviced directly by CBS. .NET and Defender platform updates run their own MSI-based installers, and MSI failures surface as this wrapper code. That is also why the manual-installer step works so well here.
Is 0x80070643 dangerous to ignore? A failed security or Defender update leaves protection a step behind, so it is worth fixing rather than hiding. Feature and optional updates failing with this code are less urgent but the same fix list applies.