Error code 901 shows 'Authentication Error: trouble communicating with Roblox servers,' and it appears mainly on Xbox when signing in, signing up, or linking a gamertag to a Roblox account. Underneath the vague message there are a few real causes: Roblox servers having a bad moment, the account being under a moderation action, a gamertag that conflicts with Roblox naming rules during linking, or a corrupted app installation.
Because 901 is an authentication verdict, an account under moderation can surface it instead of a clear notice, especially on console. That is why the cross-device sign-in test matters so much: it separates 'this app cannot authenticate' from 'this account may not authenticate,' and the two have completely different remedies, one a reinstall, the other an appeal.
Is 901 a ban? Not necessarily, but it can be how a moderation action appears on Xbox. The test is signing in on another platform: a moderation notice there confirms it, while a clean sign-in means the console app or the servers were at fault.
Why does 901 mostly happen on Xbox? Xbox adds its own account layer (the gamertag) between you and Roblox, and the linking between the two is where this error lives. Sign-up and linking on console hit it far more than ordinary PC sign-ins.