MSVCR120.dll is the C runtime library from Microsoft's Visual C++ 2013 package. Programs built with Visual Studio 2013 need it to start, and the usual "was not found" message means the 2013 redistributable was never installed on this PC, or an uninstall or cleaner removed part of it.
vcredist_x64.exe and vcredist_x86.exe. A 32-bit program needs the x86 package even on a 64-bit PC. Restart the PC when done.Look inside the failing program's folder for its own copy of MSVCR120.dll. Some programs ship a private copy, and if that copy is older or damaged it overrides the healthy system one. Rename it (add .bak) so the program falls back to the system DLL, then relaunch. If only one program fails while others work, that program is damaged, and a clean reinstall is the remaining move.
Is MSVCR120.dll part of Windows? No. It ships with the Visual C++ 2013 redistributable, which many programs install alongside themselves. On a PC where nothing has installed it yet, it legitimately does not exist until the package is run.
Will the newer 2015-2022 redistributable fix it? No. Each Visual C++ generation is separate, and the 2015-2022 package does not contain the 2013 files. A program that asks for MSVCR120.dll needs the 2013 package specifically, installed alongside any newer ones.