MSVCR110.dll was not found, what it means and how to fix it
MSVCR110.dll is the C runtime library from Microsoft's Visual C++ 2012 package. Programs built with Visual Studio 2012 need it to start, and the usual "was not found" message means the 2012 redistributable was never installed on this PC, or an uninstall or cleaner removed part of it.
The fix, in order
Install the Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2012 Update 4 from Microsoft, both the x64 and x86 versions. A 32-bit program needs the x86 package even on a 64-bit PC. Restart the PC when done.
Already installed? Repair it instead. Settings → Apps → each "Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 Redistributable" → Modify → Repair, for both the x86 and x64 entries.
Reinstall or verify the program itself. For Steam games: right-click → Properties → Installed Files → Verify integrity of game files. A damaged program folder can keep failing next to a healthy runtime.
Run Windows Update, then restart. Servicing updates sometimes replace runtime files, and a pending reboot can leave mismatched versions in place.
Do not download MSVCR110.dll by itself. DLL download sites offer single files of random versions, sometimes bundled with installers nobody asked for. The DLL belongs to a matched set installed by Microsoft's package, that package is the fix, and it is free.
If it still happens
Look inside the failing program's folder for its own copy of MSVCR110.dll. Some programs ship a private copy, and if that copy is older or damaged it overrides the healthy system one. Rename it (add .bak) so the program falls back to the system DLL, then relaunch. If only one program fails while others work, that program is damaged, and a clean reinstall is the remaining move.
Common questions
Which 2012 package do I need? The Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2012 Update 4 from Microsoft, in both x86 and x64. The original 2012 release works too, but Update 4 is the current revision.
Will the newer 2015-2022 redistributable fix it? No. Each Visual C++ generation is separate, and the 2015-2022 package does not contain the 2012 files. A program that asks for MSVCR110.dll needs the 2012 package specifically, installed alongside any newer ones.