Exit code -1073741819 is the decimal form of Windows error 0xC0000005, an access violation, which means Java or a native library Minecraft uses tried to read or write memory it was not allowed to touch. In Minecraft the usual cause family is the graphics driver, software that hooks into the game, such as overlays and recorders, or an incompatible mod or shader, rather than the game itself.
The fix, in order
Clean-install the graphics driver. Remove the old driver completely, then install the latest driver from NVIDIA, AMD, or Intel. If the crashes started right after a driver update, install the previous version instead.
Close overlays and injectors. Discord overlay, screen recorders, FPS counters, RGB tools, and hardware monitors hook into the game's rendering, so close them all and test again.
Test with a clean, unmodded game. Move the mods folder aside and remove shader packs, then launch. If the clean game works, add mods back a few at a time to find the one that crashes.
On a laptop, make sure the game runs on the dedicated GPU. Minecraft runs as javaw.exe, which Windows can send to the integrated GPU. In Settings, System, Display, Graphics, add javaw.exe and set it to High performance.
Lower the memory allocation if it is set very high. In the launcher, open Installations, edit the profile, open More Options, and set the -Xmx value to 4G, since an oversized allocation can make startup unstable on machines with limited RAM.
Check for unstable hardware. If the PC is overclocked or running aggressive memory settings, return them to stock and test, since an access violation is a classic sign of unstable RAM or an unstable overclock.
Run a system file check. Open an administrator Command Prompt and run sfc /scannow to repair damaged Windows files.
If it still happens
If the crash report names a specific file, such as a driver file or a mod file, that name points at the cause, so check the newest file in the crash-reports folder. If the crash happens only with one mod pack, the pack or one of its mods is the cause, and updating the pack or removing the suspect mod is the fix.
Common questions
Is exit code -1073741819 a virus? No. It is a Windows memory error, and in Minecraft it almost always comes from a graphics driver, an overlay, or a mod. It is not a sign of malware.
Why does the crash happen only sometimes? Access violations depend on timing, so a driver or overlay that usually works can fail when the game loads a new area or a shader compiles. That is why the crash looks random even when the cause is fixed.